Report for progress on study modeling and analysis for the comparison of the presence of post-acute RSV infection in COVID-positive patients compared to comparison groups (influenza and other acute respiratory infections).

Data RSV

Data Resp

Attrition - RSV cohort

This attrition table considers the cohort entry period to be defined from March 1, 2022 to July 1, 2022. This means that the study outcome window will extend from April 1, 2022 to January 1, 2023.

Attrition based on cohort inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were computed according to the following rules.

  • Patients under 6 years old with at least one visit during cohort entry period (Jan 1 - July 1, 2022, may be tightened as desired)

  • Had evidence of either SARS-CoV-2 infection, Influenza, or any other respiratory infection within the cohort entry period

  • Had at least 1 visit within 18 months of index date, and at least 1 visit in the 1-6 months following the index date (follow up period)

Index sub-cohort group was selected according to the following logic:

  • Select as initial index type and date the earliest evidence of SARS-CoV-2 or Influenza or other ARI

  • If a patient’s index category is an other ARI but they have evidence of SARS-CoV-2 or Influenza within 7 days, update the index category to SARS-CoV-2/Influenza accordingly, but keep the index date the same as the preliminary ARI diagnosis

  • Exclusions:

    • No prior SARS-CoV-2 ever, via test, diagnosis, or serology positive

    • No Influenza within pre-acute or acute period (6 months before index)

    • No prior RSV (outcome) or RSV within acute period

    • No co-infection of Influenza and SARS-Cov-2 within acute period

Attrition step persons
Patients under 6 years old with at least 1 visit during CE period 1,193,020
Had at least 1 of COVID, influenza, and/or other respiratory infection event during CE period 166,509
Had COVID during CE period 34,623
Had influenza during CE period 18,394
Had other respiratory infection during CE period 124,999
Meets utilization inclusion criteria 105,787
Not excluded due to overlapping index infections 90,045
Final COVID sub-cohort 21,718
Final Influenza sub-cohort 8,351
Final Other respiratory sub-cohort 59,967

Attrition - Any respiratory infection cohort

This attrition table considers the cohort entry period to be defined from June 1, 2021 to March 1, 2023. This means that the study outcome window will extend from July 1, 2021 to March 1, 2023.

Attrition based on cohort inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were computed according to the following rules.

  • Patients under 6 years old with at least one visit during cohort entry period (June 1, 2021 to February 01, 2023 may be tightened as desired)

  • Had evidence of either SARS-CoV-2 infection or Influenza infection within the cohort entry period

  • Had at least 1 visit within 18 months of index date, and at least 1 visit in the 1-6 months following the index date (follow up period)

  • Exclusions:

    • No prior SARS-CoV-2 ever, via test, diagnosis, or serology positive

    • No Influenza within pre-acute or acute period (6 months before index)

    • No prior RSV (outcome) or RSV within acute period

    • No co-infection of Influenza and SARS-Cov-2 within acute period

Attrition step persons
Patients under 6 years old with at least 1 visit during CE period 2,008,744
Had at least 1 of COVID, influenza infection event during CE period 288,139
Had COVID during CE period 222,854
Had influenza during CE period 79,768
Meets utilization inclusion criteria 188,466
Not excluded due to overlapping index infections 184,848
Final COVID sub-cohort 145,424
Final Influenza sub-cohort 39,424

Table 1 - RSV cohort

COVID
(N=21537)		 Influenza
(N=8317)		 Respiratory
(N=59798)		 Overall
(N=89652)

PI: Pacific Islander

*Low, moderate, and high utilizers correspond to the 33th, 66th, and 97.5th percentile of the number of visits in the cohort
age_cat_at_ce
<6 months 3029 (14.1%) 402 (4.8%) 11013 (18.4%) 14444 (16.1%)
6m-1y old 4219 (19.6%) 752 (9.0%) 10064 (16.8%) 15035 (16.8%)
1-2y old 5162 (24.0%) 1561 (18.8%) 11496 (19.2%) 18219 (20.3%)
2-3y old 3574 (16.6%) 1669 (20.1%) 9728 (16.3%) 14971 (16.7%)
3-4y old 2784 (12.9%) 1908 (22.9%) 9011 (15.1%) 13703 (15.3%)
4-5y old 2769 (12.9%) 2025 (24.3%) 8486 (14.2%) 13280 (14.8%)
Age categories
Female 10000 (46.4%) 3830 (46.1%) 27486 (46.0%) 41316 (46.1%)
Male 11537 (53.6%) 4487 (53.9%) 32312 (54.0%) 48336 (53.9%)
Race/ethnicity
Hispanic 4017 (18.7%) 3349 (40.3%) 15518 (26.0%) 22884 (25.5%)
Non-Hispanic Asian/PI 1705 (7.9%) 290 (3.5%) 2855 (4.8%) 4850 (5.4%)
Non-Hispanic Black 2777 (12.9%) 1633 (19.6%) 9773 (16.3%) 14183 (15.8%)
Non-Hispanic Multiple 539 (2.5%) 153 (1.8%) 1509 (2.5%) 2201 (2.5%)
Non-Hispanic White 9557 (44.4%) 2321 (27.9%) 23275 (38.9%) 35153 (39.2%)
Other/Unknown 2942 (13.7%) 571 (6.9%) 6868 (11.5%) 10381 (11.6%)
Insurance class
Public 1258 (5.8%) 893 (10.7%) 5407 (9.0%) 7558 (8.4%)
Private 2793 (13.0%) 775 (9.3%) 7091 (11.9%) 10659 (11.9%)
Other 5396 (25.1%) 3499 (42.1%) 19527 (32.7%) 28422 (31.7%)
Missing 12090 (56.1%) 3150 (37.9%) 27773 (46.4%) 43013 (48.0%)
Prior inpatient visit frequency*
High Utilizer 362 (1.7%) 58 (0.7%) 386 (0.6%) 806 (0.9%)
Low Utilizer 3527 (16.4%) 765 (9.2%) 8256 (13.8%) 12548 (14.0%)
No Visits 17648 (81.9%) 7494 (90.1%) 51156 (85.5%) 76298 (85.1%)
Prior outpatient visit frequency*
High Utilizer 9945 (46.2%) 2534 (30.5%) 16799 (28.1%) 29278 (32.7%)
Moderate Utilizer 5148 (23.9%) 2255 (27.1%) 15876 (26.5%) 23279 (26.0%)
Low Utilizer 3835 (17.8%) 1997 (24.0%) 15587 (26.1%) 21419 (23.9%)
No Visits 2609 (12.1%) 1531 (18.4%) 11536 (19.3%) 15676 (17.5%)
Prior ED visit frequency*
High Utilizer 661 (3.1%) 422 (5.1%) 550 (0.9%) 1633 (1.8%)
Moderate Utilizer 1966 (9.1%) 1090 (13.1%) 3369 (5.6%) 6425 (7.2%)
Low Utilizer 3285 (15.3%) 1501 (18.0%) 8529 (14.3%) 13315 (14.9%)
No Visits 15625 (72.5%) 5304 (63.8%) 47350 (79.2%) 68279 (76.2%)
visit_type_inpatient
no_visits 17648 (81.9%) 7494 (90.1%) 51156 (85.5%) 76298 (85.1%)
visits_3_or_more 362 (1.7%) 58 (0.7%) 386 (0.6%) 806 (0.9%)
visits_less_than_3 3527 (16.4%) 765 (9.2%) 8256 (13.8%) 12548 (14.0%)
Test confirm diagnosis
Diagnosis only 9541 (44.3%) 7913 (95.1%) 59798 (100%) 77252 (86.2%)
Lab confirmed 11996 (55.7%) 404 (4.9%) 0 (0%) 12400 (13.8%)
Hospitalized at index visit
Hospitalized 1951 (9.1%) 646 (7.8%) 4714 (7.9%) 7311 (8.2%)
Not hospitalized 19586 (90.9%) 7671 (92.2%) 55084 (92.1%) 82341 (91.8%)

Table 1 - Any respiratory infection cohort

COVID
(N=126655)		 Influenza
(N=14820)		 Overall
(N=141475)

PI: Pacific Islander

*Low, moderate, and high utilizers correspond to the 33th, 66th, and 97.5th percentile of the number of visits in the cohort
age_cat_at_ce
<6 months 20203 (16.0%) 882 (6.0%) 21085 (14.9%)
6m-1y old 24398 (19.3%) 1536 (10.4%) 25934 (18.3%)
1-2y old 28866 (22.8%) 2954 (19.9%) 31820 (22.5%)
2-3y old 20666 (16.3%) 3014 (20.3%) 23680 (16.7%)
3-4y old 17312 (13.7%) 3205 (21.6%) 20517 (14.5%)
4-5y old 15210 (12.0%) 3229 (21.8%) 18439 (13.0%)
Age categories
Female 58283 (46.0%) 6806 (45.9%) 65089 (46.0%)
Male 68372 (54.0%) 8014 (54.1%) 76386 (54.0%)
Race/ethnicity
Hispanic 29026 (22.9%) 5700 (38.5%) 34726 (24.5%)
Non-Hispanic Asian/PI 6693 (5.3%) 563 (3.8%) 7256 (5.1%)
Non-Hispanic Black 21697 (17.1%) 2856 (19.3%) 24553 (17.4%)
Non-Hispanic Multiple 3073 (2.4%) 298 (2.0%) 3371 (2.4%)
Non-Hispanic White 51448 (40.6%) 4390 (29.6%) 55838 (39.5%)
Other/Unknown 14718 (11.6%) 1013 (6.8%) 15731 (11.1%)
Insurance class
Public 8461 (6.7%) 1354 (9.1%) 9815 (6.9%)
Private 12125 (9.6%) 1192 (8.0%) 13317 (9.4%)
Other 33981 (26.8%) 6526 (44.0%) 40507 (28.6%)
Missing 72088 (56.9%) 5748 (38.8%) 77836 (55.0%)
Prior inpatient visit frequency*
High Utilizer 1242 (1.0%) 73 (0.5%) 1315 (0.9%)
Moderate Utilizer 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Low Utilizer 20809 (16.4%) 1580 (10.7%) 22389 (15.8%)
No Visits 104604 (82.6%) 13167 (88.8%) 117771 (83.2%)
Prior outpatient visit frequency*
High Utilizer 45100 (35.6%) 3866 (26.1%) 48966 (34.6%)
Moderate Utilizer 39892 (31.5%) 4729 (31.9%) 44621 (31.5%)
Low Utilizer 24299 (19.2%) 3575 (24.1%) 27874 (19.7%)
No Visits 17364 (13.7%) 2650 (17.9%) 20014 (14.1%)
Prior ED visit frequency*
High Utilizer 2621 (2.1%) 433 (2.9%) 3054 (2.2%)
Moderate Utilizer 14768 (11.7%) 2305 (15.6%) 17073 (12.1%)
Low Utilizer 20780 (16.4%) 2636 (17.8%) 23416 (16.6%)
No Visits 88486 (69.9%) 9446 (63.7%) 97932 (69.2%)
Test confirm diagnosis
Diagnosis only 42752 (33.8%) 14242 (96.1%) 56994 (40.3%)
Lab confirmed 83903 (66.2%) 578 (3.9%) 84481 (59.7%)
Hospitalized at index visit
No 114313 (90.3%) 13647 (92.1%) 127960 (90.4%)
Yes 12342 (9.7%) 1173 (7.9%) 13515 (9.6%)

Figure 2

Figure 2a: Outcome: RSV Infection within 0-60, 1-60, 15-180 days —- Adjustments: None, weighted/adjusted

## [1] "using LR weights"
## [1] "using LR weights"
## [1] "using LR weights"

RSV 0-60d: Unweighted, unadjustedRSV 0-60d: Weighted, adjustedRSV 1-60d: Unweighted, unadjustedRSV 1-60d: Weighted, adjustedRSV 15-180d: Unweighted, unadjustedRSV 15-180d: Weighted, adjusted
(Intercept)0.02 ***0.07 ***0.00 ***0.04 ***0.02 ***0.11 ***
(0.08)   (0.30)   (0.17)   (0.58)   (0.08)   (0.30)   
`SARS-CoV-2 Infection: `1.60 ***1.30 ***1.27    0.82    1.18    0.78 ** 
(0.09)   (0.08)   (0.20)   (0.18)   (0.10)   (0.08)   
`Age groups: `1-2y old       0.38 ***       0.19 ***       0.37 ***
       (0.13)          (0.29)          (0.13)   
`Age groups: `2-3y old       0.45 ***       0.17 ***       0.30 ***
       (0.14)          (0.32)          (0.14)   
`Age groups: `3-4y old       0.41 ***       0.12 ***       0.19 ***
       (0.15)          (0.38)          (0.17)   
`Age groups: `4-5y old       0.41 ***       0.10 ***       0.10 ***
       (0.15)          (0.44)          (0.22)   
`Age groups: `6m-1y old       0.67 **        0.70           0.59 ***
       (0.13)          (0.23)          (0.12)   
`Race: `NH_Asian/PI       0.45 **        0.05 *         0.91    
       (0.26)          (1.43)          (0.20)   
`Race: `NH_Black/AA       2.02 ***       1.08           1.33 *  
       (0.11)          (0.23)          (0.12)   
`Race: `NH_Multiple       1.72 **        1.34           0.55    
       (0.20)          (0.40)          (0.31)   
`Race: `NH_White       0.97           0.47 ***       0.86    
       (0.11)          (0.23)          (0.11)   
`Race: `Other/Unknown       0.30 ***       0.22 **        0.69 *  
       (0.24)          (0.49)          (0.17)   
`Gender: `Male       1.11           1.33           1.08    
       (0.08)          (0.18)          (0.08)   
`Hospitalized for index infection: `Yes       2.03 ***       4.41 ***       4.18 ***
       (0.10)          (0.19)          (0.09)   
util_inpatientLow       0.43 ***       0.33 *         1.05    
       (0.22)          (0.45)          (0.26)   
util_inpatientNone       0.56 **        0.55           0.90    
       (0.20)          (0.42)          (0.26)   
util_outpatientLow       0.99           0.91           1.19    
       (0.13)          (0.27)          (0.13)   
util_outpatientModerate       0.73 **        0.68           0.86    
       (0.11)          (0.26)          (0.12)   
util_outpatientNone       0.87           0.79           1.33 *  
       (0.14)          (0.30)          (0.13)   
util_edLow       2.30 ***       1.12           0.84    
       (0.22)          (0.43)          (0.17)   
util_edModerate       1.80 *         1.13           0.76    
       (0.23)          (0.44)          (0.18)   
util_edNone       1.76 **        0.98           0.58 ** 
       (0.22)          (0.41)          (0.17)   
util_otherLow       0.28 ***       0.51 *         0.68 ** 
       (0.14)          (0.33)          (0.13)   
util_otherModerate       0.54 ***       0.88           0.70 ** 
       (0.10)          (0.26)          (0.12)   
util_otherNone       0.24 ***       0.98           0.66 ***
       (0.13)          (0.24)          (0.12)   
N27894       27894       27894       27894       27894       27894       
AIC6957.93           1774.80           5726.15           
BIC6974.41           1791.27           5742.63           
Pseudo R20.00    0.11    0.00    0.10    0.00    0.09    
*** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05.

Figure 2b: Subsequent Respiratory infection within 30-180 days Including covid, or flu, ANY respiratory infection within 30-180 days

Unweighted, unadjustedUnweighted, adjustedWeighted (LR), unadjustedWeighted (LR), adjusted
(Intercept)0.76 ***2.21 ***0.84 ***2.46 ***
(0.02)   (0.07)   (0.02)   (0.07)   
`SARS-CoV-2 Infection: `0.63 ***0.63 ***0.56 ***0.57 ***
(0.02)   (0.02)   (0.02)   (0.02)   
`Age groups: `1-2y old       0.67 ***       0.65 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `2-3y old       0.66 ***       0.64 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `3-4y old       0.66 ***       0.64 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `4-5y old       0.61 ***       0.59 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `6m-1y old       0.78 ***       0.77 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Race: `NH_Asian/PI       0.77 ***       0.77 ***
       (0.03)          (0.03)   
`Race: `NH_Black/AA       0.70 ***       0.70 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Race: `NH_Multiple       0.76 ***       0.79 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
`Race: `NH_White       0.87 ***       0.88 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Race: `Other/Unknown       0.67 ***       0.69 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Gender: `Male       1.02           1.02    
       (0.01)          (0.01)   
`Hospitalized for index infection: `Yes       1.55 ***       1.54 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_inpatientLow       1.18 **        1.12    
       (0.06)          (0.06)   
util_inpatientNone       1.21 **        1.15 *  
       (0.06)          (0.06)   
util_outpatientLow       0.67 ***       0.67 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_outpatientModerate       0.75 ***       0.73 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_outpatientNone       0.67 ***       0.65 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_edLow       0.62 ***       0.65 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
util_edModerate       0.73 ***       0.78 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
util_edNone       0.48 ***       0.50 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
util_otherLow       0.95 **        0.96 *  
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_otherModerate       0.88 ***       0.89 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_otherNone       1.27 ***       1.26 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Pulmonary Respiratory: `Yes       1.32 ***       1.33 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
N130486       130486       130486       130486       
AIC165648.52    161135.61                  
BIC165668.07    161389.87                  
Pseudo R20.01    0.05    0.01    0.05    
*** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05.

Figure 2c: Subsequent General (any) infection within 30-180 days inlcuding covid

## [1] "using LR weights"
## [1] "using LR weights"

Unweighted, unadjustedUnweighted, adjustedWeighted (LR), unadjustedWeighted (LR), adjusted
(Intercept)0.89 ***3.94 ***0.96 ***6.02 ***
(0.02)   (0.07)   (0.01)   (0.08)   
`SARS-CoV-2 Infection: `0.71 ***0.71 ***0.66 ***0.66 ***
(0.02)   (0.02)   (0.01)   (0.01)   
`Age groups: `1-2y old       0.70 ***       0.59 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `2-3y old       0.68 ***       0.63 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `3-4y old       0.66 ***       0.54 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `4-5y old       0.62 ***       0.51 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `6m-1y old       0.82 ***       0.79 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Race: `NH_Asian/PI       0.75 ***       0.78 ***
       (0.03)          (0.03)   
`Race: `NH_Black/AA       0.68 ***       0.72 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Race: `NH_Multiple       0.77 ***       0.86 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
`Race: `NH_White       0.78 ***       0.80 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Race: `Other/Unknown       0.64 ***       0.74 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Gender: `Male       0.99           0.98    
       (0.01)          (0.01)   
`Hospitalized for index infection: `Yes       1.57 ***       1.61 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_inpatientLow       0.92           0.63 ***
       (0.06)          (0.07)   
util_inpatientNone       0.94           0.68 ***
       (0.06)          (0.07)   
util_outpatientLow       0.67 ***       0.62 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_outpatientModerate       0.75 ***       0.70 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_outpatientNone       0.70 ***       0.65 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_edLow       0.59 ***       0.59 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
util_edModerate       0.71 ***       0.70 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
util_edNone       0.43 ***       0.45 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
util_otherLow       0.91 ***       1.03    
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_otherModerate       0.85 ***       0.93 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_otherNone       1.19 ***       1.33 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Pulmonary Respiratory: `Yes       1.22 ***       1.16 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
N130564       130564       130564       130564       
AIC174954.16    169485.99                  
BIC174973.72    169740.26                  
Pseudo R20.00    0.06    0.00    0.06    
*** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05.

Figure 3:

Figure 3a: Weighted vs. unweighted propensity score RSV infection 30-180 days

Figure 3b: Weighted vs. unweighted propensity score Any respiratory infection including Covid 30-180 days

Figure 3c: Weighted vs. unweighted propensity score Any general infection within 30-180 days including covid

Figure 5a: Sensitivity analysis: Subsequent Respiratory infection within 30-180 days, EXCLUDING COVID

## [1] "using LR weights"
## [1] "using LR weights"

Unweighted, unadjustedUnweighted, adjustedWeighted (LR), unadjustedWeighted (LR), adjusted
(Intercept)0.68 ***1.97 ***0.75 ***3.06 ***
(0.02)   (0.07)   (0.01)   (0.07)   
`SARS-CoV-2 Infection: `0.70 ***0.71 ***0.64 ***0.64 ***
(0.02)   (0.02)   (0.01)   (0.01)   
`Age groups: `1-2y old       0.67 ***       0.60 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `2-3y old       0.66 ***       0.65 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `3-4y old       0.67 ***       0.57 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `4-5y old       0.61 ***       0.55 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `6m-1y old       0.78 ***       0.75 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Race: `NH_Asian/PI       0.77 ***       0.72 ***
       (0.03)          (0.03)   
`Race: `NH_Black/AA       0.70 ***       0.72 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Race: `NH_Multiple       0.77 ***       0.86 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
`Race: `NH_White       0.87 ***       0.87 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Race: `Other/Unknown       0.67 ***       0.76 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Gender: `Male       1.02           1.00    
       (0.01)          (0.01)   
`Hospitalized for index infection: `Yes       1.57 ***       1.62 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_inpatientLow       1.17 **        0.73 ***
       (0.06)          (0.07)   
util_inpatientNone       1.20 **        0.78 ***
       (0.06)          (0.07)   
util_outpatientLow       0.67 ***       0.63 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_outpatientModerate       0.74 ***       0.70 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_outpatientNone       0.67 ***       0.60 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_edLow       0.63 ***       0.67 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
util_edModerate       0.73 ***       0.79 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
util_edNone       0.48 ***       0.56 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
util_otherLow       0.95 **        1.08 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_otherModerate       0.88 ***       0.93 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_otherNone       1.28 ***       1.36 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Pulmonary Respiratory: `Yes       1.32 ***       1.25 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
N130564       130564       130564       130564       
AIC165668.97    161097.68                  
BIC165688.53    161351.95                  
Pseudo R20.00    0.05    0.00    0.05    
*** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05.

Figure 5b: Sensitivity analysis: Subsequent General (any) infection within 30-180 days (excluding covid)

## [1] "using LR weights"
## [1] "using LR weights"

Unweighted, unadjustedUnweighted, adjustedWeighted (LR), unadjustedWeighted (LR), adjusted
(Intercept)0.89 ***3.94 ***0.96 ***6.02 ***
(0.02)   (0.07)   (0.01)   (0.08)   
`SARS-CoV-2 Infection: `0.71 ***0.71 ***0.66 ***0.66 ***
(0.02)   (0.02)   (0.01)   (0.01)   
`Age groups: `1-2y old       0.70 ***       0.59 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `2-3y old       0.68 ***       0.63 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `3-4y old       0.66 ***       0.54 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `4-5y old       0.62 ***       0.51 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `6m-1y old       0.82 ***       0.79 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Race: `NH_Asian/PI       0.75 ***       0.78 ***
       (0.03)          (0.03)   
`Race: `NH_Black/AA       0.68 ***       0.72 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Race: `NH_Multiple       0.77 ***       0.86 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
`Race: `NH_White       0.78 ***       0.80 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Race: `Other/Unknown       0.64 ***       0.74 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Gender: `Male       0.99           0.98    
       (0.01)          (0.01)   
`Hospitalized for index infection: `Yes       1.57 ***       1.61 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_inpatientLow       0.92           0.63 ***
       (0.06)          (0.07)   
util_inpatientNone       0.94           0.68 ***
       (0.06)          (0.07)   
util_outpatientLow       0.67 ***       0.62 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_outpatientModerate       0.75 ***       0.70 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_outpatientNone       0.70 ***       0.65 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_edLow       0.59 ***       0.59 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
util_edModerate       0.71 ***       0.70 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
util_edNone       0.43 ***       0.45 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
util_otherLow       0.91 ***       1.03    
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_otherModerate       0.85 ***       0.93 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_otherNone       1.19 ***       1.33 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Pulmonary Respiratory: `Yes       1.22 ***       1.16 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
N130564       130564       130564       130564       
AIC174954.16    169485.99                  
BIC174973.72    169740.26                  
Pseudo R20.00    0.06    0.00    0.06    
*** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05.

Figure 5c: Sensitivity analysis: Subsequent General (any) infection within 15-180 days (including covid)

## [1] "using LR weights"
## [1] "using LR weights"

Unweighted, unadjustedUnweighted, adjustedWeighted (LR), unadjustedWeighted (LR), adjusted
(Intercept)0.89 ***3.94 ***0.96 ***6.02 ***
(0.02)   (0.07)   (0.01)   (0.08)   
`SARS-CoV-2 Infection: `0.71 ***0.71 ***0.66 ***0.66 ***
(0.02)   (0.02)   (0.01)   (0.01)   
`Age groups: `1-2y old       0.70 ***       0.59 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `2-3y old       0.68 ***       0.63 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `3-4y old       0.66 ***       0.54 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `4-5y old       0.62 ***       0.51 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Age groups: `6m-1y old       0.82 ***       0.79 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Race: `NH_Asian/PI       0.75 ***       0.78 ***
       (0.03)          (0.03)   
`Race: `NH_Black/AA       0.68 ***       0.72 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Race: `NH_Multiple       0.77 ***       0.86 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
`Race: `NH_White       0.78 ***       0.80 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Race: `Other/Unknown       0.64 ***       0.74 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Gender: `Male       0.99           0.98    
       (0.01)          (0.01)   
`Hospitalized for index infection: `Yes       1.57 ***       1.61 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_inpatientLow       0.92           0.63 ***
       (0.06)          (0.07)   
util_inpatientNone       0.94           0.68 ***
       (0.06)          (0.07)   
util_outpatientLow       0.67 ***       0.62 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_outpatientModerate       0.75 ***       0.70 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_outpatientNone       0.70 ***       0.65 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_edLow       0.59 ***       0.59 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
util_edModerate       0.71 ***       0.70 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
util_edNone       0.43 ***       0.45 ***
       (0.04)          (0.04)   
util_otherLow       0.91 ***       1.03    
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_otherModerate       0.85 ***       0.93 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
util_otherNone       1.19 ***       1.33 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
`Pulmonary Respiratory: `Yes       1.22 ***       1.16 ***
       (0.02)          (0.02)   
N130564       130564       130564       130564       
AIC174954.16    169485.99                  
BIC174973.72    169740.26                  
Pseudo R20.00    0.06    0.00    0.06    
*** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05.

Figure 6. Co-infection results

sub_cohort outcome_rsv_same_day outcome_rsv_1_to_60 outcome_rsv_61_to_180 n total p pct
COVID 0 0 1 463 21,537 0.02 2.15 %
COVID 0 1 0 113 21,537 0.01 0.52 %
COVID 1 0 0 545 21,537 0.03 2.53 %
Influenza 0 0 1 131 8,317 0.02 1.58 %
Influenza 0 1 0 34 8,317 0.00 0.41 %
Influenza 1 0 0 126 8,317 0.02 1.51 %
Respiratory 0 0 1 1,313 59,798 0.02 2.2 %
Respiratory 0 1 0 368 59,798 0.01 0.62 %
Respiratory 1 0 0 388 59,798 0.01 0.65 %

Figure_1: Epi curves with co-infections

Figure_1: Epi curves without co-infections

Figure 4a: RSV within 15-300 days (past post-acute)

## [1] "using LR weights"
## [1] "using LR weights"
## [1] "using LR weights"

Figure 4b: RSV within 15-180 days (past post-acute)

## [1] "using LR weights"
## [1] "using LR weights"
## [1] "using LR weights"